Case Study: Designing SOFCs Into An Offgrid Power System

“Entire communities are gone. It’s horrific up there,” says Jeremy White, an Edge Autonomy Program Manager in North Carolina who has witnessed the devastation of Hurricane Helene up close.

Jeremy is part of a small group of volunteer pilots, mostly Veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces, using private planes to deliver crucial supplies to communities in western North Carolina devastated by last week’s historic storm. Operation Airdrop—a Texas-based nonprofit that organizes aviation assets after natural disasters—is one of the primary organization these pilots have partnered with to deliver relief.

After serving in the Special Forces, Jeremy retired from the Army and joined Edge Autonomy. As a contract pilot with Sovereign Aerospace, a USAF Veteran-owned company, he also flies with the All-Veterans Group (AVG) comprised mostly of former Army Golden Knights. AVG is a demonstration parachute team that does flights over high-profile events like Carolina Panthers football games. Jeremy was flying over one of these games hours before they heard their neighbors in the western part of the state were in trouble. For the past week, Jeremy and other aviators associated with Sovereign Aerospace have been allowed to use their airplane to support relief efforts post-Helene.

When Helene made landfall and it became clear it would take days for FEMA, the National Guard, and North Carolina Emergency Management to reach many of the smaller mountain communities outside of Asheville, these Veteran pilots decided to take action.

“There’s no communication in the mountains,” Jeremy explains. “Beginning Saturday, September 28, we started flying to these stranded communities with the intention of parachuting bundles of supplies to local fire chiefs and other emergency responders who don’t have any way to get in touch with the outside world.”

Initially, poor weather conditions made it impossible to airdrop the bundles, but these volunteer pilots still delivered supplies to nearby relief stations.

“There is still a ton of need up there, and a lot of what I’m doing is connecting people. The rain hasn’t let up and there are places where supplies are just sitting there because there’s no way to transport them,” Jeremy explains.

“The terrain is very difficult to navigate; the roads are all gone. We’re continuing to coordinate airdrops into communities west of Asheville that nobody has gotten to yet, where there are hundreds of stranded people who desperately need water and fuel.”

Preparing these communities for federal emergency relief is a major way these pilots are helping out during this ongoing crisis.

“The group of people I’m working with are former military, mostly former Special Operations, who are going into areas the government hasn’t gotten to yet. They secure it and get ready to receive the National Guard when it comes in, then move on to help the next community that needs support.” 

The loss of life and level of destruction are tragic, but Jeremy has been inspired by the generous response of average people who have no background in emergency services.

“There’s a business owner from Hickory who’s been orchestrating relief efforts alongside his daughter,” says Jeremy. “They have no experience in emergency response, but this young woman who has no formal emergency response training has been sourcing supplies, finding helicopters to put them on, and telling them where to go. came in to help give their relief efforts a little more structure, but she’s been managing this all on her cell phone and in her head. She’s running the show – it’s super impressive.”

Edge Autonomy is proud to have Veterans on our team like Jeremy who continue to serve where they’re needed most. Interested in supporting these relief efforts? Please consider donating to Operation Airdrop or Transylvania County Rescue Squad.

The northern border in Washington State is so mountainous that cellular reception is not available, and many satellite phones do not work. For the USDA Forest Service, rangers have to rely on radio repeaters to maintain vital communication — especially during emergencies. As shared in this interview with Stacy Griffith, the Alaska Region Radio Manager, the issue was finding an offgrid power solution to keep the small 100W radio stations powered, regardless of weather conditions.

The Problem:
At these offgrid and high-altitude locations, equipment and fuel must be airlifted, which is expensive. The agencies were spending thousands of dollars just on maintaining the radio repeaters. And the solar arrays frequently lost power due to harsh weather and low sunlight — compromising critical communications.

The Forest Service needed to install a dependable backup power source, but several common solutions failed to meet their needs. Wind is typically used to backup solar arrays, but it was not viable because extreme winter weather would cause the turbines to ice over and stop working. A thermoelectric generator (TEG) is another common backup source, but high fuel needs and inefficiency in extreme cold temperatures took it out of consideration. And airlifting hydrogen to power a Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEM) was not a viable option.

The Solution
The Forest Service redesigned the entire power system for their radio repeaters to include a Performer Series P250i Solid Oxide Fuel Cell to supplement the solar array during times of low sunlight.

Benefits of Designing Performer Series P250i SOFC Into A Power System:

  • Performance in extreme weather
  • Ability to customize
  • Flexible voltage
  • 250 cycles
  • Remote monitoring
  • Fuel efficiency
  • Low maintenance needs
  • Reliable 250W output


While other technologies fail in extreme cold, P250i excels because it is engineered to store, start and operate in temperatures from -40°C to 50°C. It produces no liquid water and is constructed of heat-resistant ceramic tubes that will not freeze. So the radio stations will stay up even in the harshest weather.

Plus, the system is unique in the market because it’s specifically designed as a battery tender to cycle up to 250 times. And engineered with automation features, it is easier to control remotely than other backup technologies.

Results
40 radio repeater sites now include a Performer Series P250i as part of the power system. None of the sites have lost power due to the SOFC.

  1. Due to the high efficiency of P250i, the agency does just 10 helicopter refueling visits per year. That is spread across 40 sites in their sector, which spans 308 miles or 46,000 sq mi.
  2. $3,000 is the average fuel cost per year for all 40 sites combined — compared to the same fuel cost to power just one radio site using other technologies.
  3. The minimal noise signature of P250i keeps the agency compliant with their mandate to minimize environmental impact.
  4. Adaptive Energy customized the P250i enclosure to fit into existing buildings. It features custom brackets and venting created exclusively for this use case.
  5. Other federal agencies seek the guidance of Forest Service on designing efficient power systems for offgrid sites that experience harsh weather.
  6. Due to its power output relative to size, fuel efficiency and flexible voltage options, P250i offered the reliable backup Forest Service needed to keep their critical communications infrastructure running. Learn more about our work with Forest Service in this interview.

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